A 256 x 256 SPAD array with in-pixel Time to Amplitude Conversion for Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy
نویسندگان
چکیده
A high resolution Time Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) image sensor based on sample and hold Time to Amplitude Converter (TAC)pixels and a global ramp voltage is presented. The 256× 256 array achieves an 8 μm Pixel Pitch (PP), 19.63% Fill Factor (FF), output voltage range (0.7V) and time jitter of 368 ps at 10 fps employing an off-chip 14-bit differential Analogue to Digital Converter (ADC). A column-parallel flash ADCis also implemented, allowing coarse 3-bin TCSPC histogramming at 4 kfps for video rate fluorescence lifetime imaging.
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